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I wrote this on the forum in 2011: "As a basic rule of thumb, most Prussian Military Officials and Civil Officials of the Military Administration wore a Pickelhaube with square visor and cruciform spike base. There were some exceptions: Zahlmeister Armee-Musikinspizient Veterinary Officials...

it is a wee bit convoluted but in essence is as follows: before the AKO of 15 May 1905, not all officials were required to be saluted by NCOS and soldiers. Those more senior officials and other categories such as the Zahlmeister, veterinary officials etc were entitled to a salute. This was...

Hi Sandy, check out this portrait of Generalleunant a.D. August Lehmann (1864-1929). The awards certainly appear to match and specifically, note that strange button on his right breast pocket flap. Regards Glenn

Sandy, That puts a different complexion on the issue! One can now see SWORDS on the Saxon Albrecht Order. I shall have another look. Regards Glenn

Shame that Herr General's medal bar is not clearer. However, as he is wearing a Bavarian helmet plate, General Ludendorff is clearly out of the question! What is discernible is a peacetime Saxon Albrecht Order commanders' cross. That being the case, in my opinion, this officer is char...

Seems like Herr Rittmeister is also struggling with General „von Reiser“ (Hans von Beseler) and General „Michura“ (Georg Wichura) Not to mention General „von Kirbach“ (Kirchbach) ;) Regards Glenn

Doug, you might want to try a copy of this book by Gerard Gorokhoff. It has the advantage of also being in English (and Russian). Covers all branches of the Russian cavalry immediately pre war and during the war profusely illustrated with quality photographs and plates. 365 pages. Regards...

Mike, außer Dienst = retired Regards Glenn

Mike, Steve, Major von Collani commanded both the II. Bataillon and the entire 7. Garde-Infanterie-Regiment respectively. He survived the war but died relatively shortly afterwards on 2 February 1922. Regards Glenn

Mike, great portrait and indeed the later OPLM winner Erwin von Collani. Interestingly enough, the then Hauptmann von Collani was a company commander in the I. Bataillon from 1908 to 1913. Regards Glenn

The award document is signed by Hauptmann Frithjof Tamms. Captain Tamms, born 21 August 1878 was a regular officer originally commissioned into Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 66 in 1898. By the outbreak of war he had risen to the position of a Hauptmann (1.10.13) on the staff of II./GFR. AT...

My opinion on the subject is unprintable! 🤬 Regards Glenn

Chris, the uniform regulations of 1896 only dealt with the yellow cord and state: "For the newly formed battalions at mobilization (Zweigbataillone), a yellow wool cord, 7cm long and 0.5cm wide......" with no distinction between battalions. However, on page 757 of Kapitän Noeske's book, he...

Chris, it was a pre-war definition to name those battalions formed on mobilisation and the cord would differentiate between those of the original peacetime battalion and those of the newly formed Zweig, literally branch or off-shoot battalion which would utilise the same number. In practice...

Thank you. Not so "seamless" I just noticed a slight issue above the Garde-Kavallerie-Division. I have fixed it and re-posted the image. Regards Glenn

John, the magic of Photoshop. Nine overlapping scans seamlessly "stitched" together. :) Regards Glenn

Jeff, I think I first visited Innsbruck in about 2000 and the Kaiserschützen Museum was already closed. Fortunately Verlag Militaria's book on the Kaiserschützen contains much of the collection from there. It was my holidays in the Tyrol that sparked my interest in the Austro-Hungarian Army. I...

John, I inspected a copy on my recent trip to the Bundesheer library in Potsdam. They received a copy whilst I was there. Great stuff, with some wonderful photographs and also some very nice Friedrich Ludwig Scharf uniform prints of Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 14. I took a few scans in the library...

Not explicitly German but a wonderful new addition to my library. The latest offering from Militaria Verlag titled "The Tyrolean Kaiserjäger: History, Uniforms, Equipment and Upholding Traditions from 1816 until Today". This arrived yesterday from Vienna and is of course up to the usual very...

With some difficulty, I managed to scan a full page. For your viewing pleasure; the Garde-Korps. Regards Glenn